they consider the effect of post-main-sequence solar mass loss in the paper. Consequently， they found that the crossing time-scale of planetary orbits， which can be a typical indicator of the instability time-scale， is quite sensitive to the rate of mass decrease of the Sun. When the mass of the Sun is close to its present value， the jovian planets remain stable over 1010 yr， or perhaps longer. Duncan & Lissauer also performed four similar experiments on the orbital motion of seven planets (Venus to Neptune)， which cover a span of ∼109 yr. Their experiments on the seven planets are not yet comprehensive， but it seems that the terrestrial planets also remain stable during the integration period， maintaining almost regular oscillations.
On the other hand， in his accurate semi-analytical secular perturbation theory (Laskar 1988)， Laskar finds that large and irregular variations can appear in the eccentricities and inclinations of the terrestrial planets， especially of Mercu
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